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Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Geraniales Family: Geraniaceae Genus: Geranium

nohoanu

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Compact, erect, many-branched shrubs 3–10 dm tall.

Stems: Stems and branches reddish to black, covered with persistent stipules, densely leafy only toward apex.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades oblong–cuneate, (1.5–)2.5–5 cm long, (0.5–)0.7–1.2(–1.4) cm wide. Apex truncate to sometimes rounded. Surfaces green and glabrous to moderately strigose, occasionally more densely so in lines along veins, or densely grayish or silky strigose on both surfaces or only on lower surface. Margins entire except apex (3)4–6-toothed. Usually 3–8-veined. Petioles 0.3–2 cm long. Stipules subulate, ca. 5–6 mm long, strigillose.

Flowers: Flowers 7–30 in compound cymes, forming large corymbose inflorescences that project beyond the leaves. Flowers bisexual (perfect), actinomorphic; Pedicels 0.5–1.6(–2) cm long. Calyx of 5 sepals; sepals narrowly lanceolate, 5–9 mm long, densely silky strigose to sparsely villous or merely ciliate, apex mucronate. Petals white or cream, sometimes with purple veins and sometimes purple at base, narrowly obovate, 9–15 mm long. Stamens (5)10; filaments ± connate at base, those alternate with the petals longer than others and with basal glands, staminal filaments usually 9–12 mm long, glands pubescent; anthers dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior or nearly so, 5-celled, carpels connate around a central column to form a compound ovary with as many cells, fertile portion a lobed ring at base of stylar column, placentation axile; ovules 2 per cell, anatropous to campylotropous, usually pendulous; styles 3–5, 5–6 mm long at anthesis, elongating to 15–28 mm long in fruit, essentially beakless, sometimes narrowed below apex, branches filiform, reflexed; stigmas slender and dry, rarely capitate.

Fruit: Septicidal and elastically dehiscent capsules separating into as many segments as carpels; a portion of the style splitting off from remainder of stylar column and forming an awn that recurves upward from the persistent central column; usually remaining attached to apex; sometimes the awn also becomes spirally coiled; awn usually hygroscopic; carpel bodies ca. 2–4 mm long; sparsely to densely pubescent. Seeds 1 per cell; dark reddish brown; oblong–obovoid; ca. 1.7–1.9 mm long; the surface inconspicuously reticulate.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Occasional to forming a dominant part of the vegetation in subalpine shrubland and forest; alpine shrubland; and as a pioneer in shrubland on lava in fog swept areas.

Elevation Range: 1,550–1,830 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Hawai'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:730 (H)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum Hualalai, near summit, edge of Hainoa Crater, North Kona District Growing with Metrosideros, Vaccinium, and Coprosma on rocky ledge. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cuddihy, L.W. 668 Hawaii BISH 12/10/1980
2 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum Central Plateau of Hawaii PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Mann, H. 307 Hawaii BISH 2/6/1905
3 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum papaloa, kona Wet Metrosideros, Cibotium, Clermontia, Rubiaceae assoc. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 307.h Hawaii BISH 7/14/1911
4 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum Kiilae, S. Kona In lehua forest on a`a. dry place PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hosaka, E.Y. 1518 Hawaii BISH 8/21/1936
5 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum south kona, near papae clarke disturbed wet lowland forest; Metrosideros, Acacia, Dicranopteris, Psidium cattleianum PRESERVED_SPECIMEN greenwell, a.b.h. hatheway, w.h. collector number: 11 Oahu BISH 11/13/1950
6 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum nw slope of hualalai PRESERVED_SPECIMEN gillett, g.w. collector number: 1706 Hawaii BISH 1/31/1965
7 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum Kau DISTR. Kahuku AHU. Tr 66(6); W slope Mauna Loa; 1.5 S of Honokua 1950 lava flow Dry native shrub community with scattered `ohi`a and other native trees. Exposed; ground - rooted. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Jacobi, J.D. 1118 Hawaii BISH 7/25/1978
8 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum Keauhou Ranch (T-KM), Kau district Open Metrosideros native shrub scrub. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cuddihy, L.W. 1 Hawaii BISH 10/23/1979
9 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum hualalai, on slope of crater PRESERVED_SPECIMEN skottsberg, c.j.f. collector number: 647 Hawaii BISH 9/25/1922
10 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum Central plateau back of Pulehua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 10045 Hawaii BISH 1/1/1912
11 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum central plateau of hawaii PRESERVED_SPECIMEN mann, h. brigham, w.t. collector number: 307 Hawaii BISH
12 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum kiilae, s. kona In lehua forest on a`a. dry place PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hosaka, e.y. collector number: 1518 Hawaii BISH 8/21/1936
13 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum Mauna Loa, above Puu Lehua Ranch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Ewart III, G.R. s.n. Hawaii BISH 8/20/1934
14 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum Hawaii North Kona DISTR> Keauhou AHU. Tr 52(88); N slope of Hualalai; NE of Malekule S of fence line; Kaupulehu FR Dry native shrub community with scattered `ohi`a and other native trees. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Warshauer, F.R. FRW 2068 Hawaii BISH 8/8/1978
15 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum Hualalai, Hawaii In sub vegetation near summit of Hualalai. In company with Railliardia, Cyathodes and Coprosma ernodeoides. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 3589 Hawaii BISH 6/9/1909
16 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum hualalai, hawaii Roadside on bare soil on flat, slightly elevated coral reef limestone. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 3589 Oahu BISH 6/9/1909
17 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum Kona District: North of Papaloa, Capt. Cook On a`a lava fllow. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 20379 Hawaii BISH
18 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum NW slope of Hualalai PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Gillett, G.W. Collector Number: 1706 Hawaii BISH 1/31/1965
19 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum Hualalai PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hillebrand, W.B. Hawaii BISH
20 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum Slopes of Hualalai PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 161.Ha Hawaii BISH 6/15/1911
21 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum NW slope of Hualalai PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Gillett, G.W. 1706 Hawaii BISH 1/31/1965
22 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum mauna kea Tree-covered aa lava kipuka. Arid region. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 8329 Hawaii BISH 6/1/1910
23 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum mauna kea On part of reef crest closest to shore, exposed at -0.4 m tide. Abundant. -- Growing with HMA644 (Fluid Collection #635292) PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 8329 Oahu BISH 6/1/1910
24 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum Kealakekua, Greenwell Ranch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 23980 Hawaii BISH 12/31/1949
25 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum 21 mi W of Hilo on Saddle Road PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Miller, J.S. 7927 Hawaii BISH 8/5/1992
26 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum hualalai, near summit, edge of hainoa crater, north kona district Encrusting, on glass. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN cuddihy, l.w. collector number: 668 Hawaii BISH 12/10/1980
27 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum kau distr. kahuku ahu. tr 66(6); w slope mauna loa; 1.5 s of honokua 1950 lava flow Dry native shrub community with scattered `ohi`a and other native trees. Exposed; ground - rooted. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN jacobi, j.d. collector number: 1118 Hawaii BISH 7/25/1978
28 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum Slopes of Hualalai PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 161.H Hawaii BISH 6/15/1911
29 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum hawaii Ohia Mixed Mesic Forest a small herb covering the ground at 3800 ft on a ridge with Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Myrsine, Dubautia, Hedyotis, Stenogyne and Liparis PRESERVED_SPECIMEN mann, h. brigham, w.t. collector number: 307 Maui BISH
30 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum papaloa, kona near falls PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 307.h Kauai BISH 7/14/1911
31 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum kona district: north of papaloa, capt. cook PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 20379 Laysan BISH
32 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum hualalai PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hillebrand, w.b. Kauai BISH
33 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum hualalai volcano, above kailua-kona PRESERVED_SPECIMEN gillett, g.w. carlson, n. collector number: 1738 Hawaii BISH 4/20/1965
34 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum Hualalai, near summit, edge of Hainoa Crater, North Kona District Growing with Metrosideros, Vaccinium, and Coprosma on rocky ledge. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cuddihy, L.W. Collector Number: 668 Hawaii BISH 12/10/1980
35 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum kealakekua, greenwell ranch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. hatheway, w.h. collector number: 23980 Hawaii BISH 12/31/1949
36 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum South Kona, Near Papae Clarke Open pahoehoe country. Common. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Greenwell, A.B.H. 11 Hawaii BISH 11/13/1950
37 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum Hilo Forest Reserve; Saddle Rd. at 35.4 km dry montane forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Annable, C.R. 3750 Hawaii BISH 1/14/1998
38 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum loaloa. three miles e. of humuula On typical cinder cone PRESERVED_SPECIMEN usinger, r.l. collector number: 692 Hawaii BISH 8/7/1935
39 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum Hawa?» PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Mann, H. & W. T. Brigham (Coll. G) G
40 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum Hawa?» PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. (Coll. G) G 9/1/1949
41 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum Hawa?» PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. (Coll. G) G 8/14/1949
42 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum PRESERVED_SPECIMEN e. y. hosaka 1518 Hawaii US
43 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum mauna kea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. f. c. rock 8329 NY 6/7/1910
44 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum north of papaloa, capt. cook, kona PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener & t. murashige 20379 Hawaii US 8/14/1949
45 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum Papaloa, Kona PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 307.H Hawaii BISH 7/14/1911
46 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum mauna kea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. f. rock 8329 Hawaii US
47 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum Mauna Kea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J. F. 8329 Hawaii US 6/10/2020
48 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum aleala. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wilkes explor. exped. s.n. Maui US 1838-08-08
49 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum e summit of hualalai PRESERVED_SPECIMEN f. r. fosberg 42112 Hawaii US 9/9/1961
50 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum hualalai mountain PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. s. hitchcock 14525 Hawaii US 9/2/1916
51 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum Aleala. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wilkes Explor. Exped. s.n. Maui US 1838-00-00
52 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum papalua, kona PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. n. forbes 307.h. Hawaii US 7/14/1911
53 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum mccandless ranch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hawaii US 5/14/1997
54 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum central plateau back of pulehua. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. f. rock 10045 Hawaii US 1/8/1912
55 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum On ground PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wilkes expedition YPM
56 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum Mauna Kea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 8329 Hawaii BISH 6/1/1910
57 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum central plateau back of pulehua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 10045 Hawaii BISH 1/8/1912
58 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum Hawaii PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Mann, H. 307 Hawaii BISH 2/6/1905
59 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum Kealakekua Ranch; above airfield Common understory plant. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Funk, E.J. s.n. Hawaii BISH 3/26/1984
60 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum Kealakekua Ranch; end of jeep road Lava field. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Funk, E.J. s.n. Hawaii BISH 3/26/1984
61 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum Kulani Honor Camp near Mauna Loa Boy's School towards Saddle Road Growing with Metrosideros, Myrsine, Pittosporum, Styphelia, Coprosma montana & C. ernodeoides. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Davis, J. 233 Hawaii BISH 2/22/1980
62 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum Loaloa. Three miles E. of Humuula On typical cinder cone PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Usinger, R.L. 692 Hawaii BISH 8/7/1935
63 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum Hualalai, on slope of crater PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Skottsberg, C.J.F. 647 Hawaii BISH 9/25/1922
64 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum slopes of hualalai PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 161.h Hawaii BISH 6/15/1911
65 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum mauna kea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 8329 Hawaii BISH 6/1/1910
66 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum slopes of hualalai Mesic, moderate to steep slopes of the ridgecrest; north-facing. Scrubby Schinus forest draped with Passiflora suberosa, with some persisting native forest/shrubland plant taxa. Associates: Metrosideros, Acacia koa, Melicope, Psychotria. Understory with bidens, Chamaesyce, Alyxia, Coprosma, Hedyotis acuminata, Rumex. Groundcover rather sparse, with Doryopteris decipiens, Dryopteris unidentata, Carex meyenii, Ageratina riparia. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 161.ha Oahu BISH 6/15/1911
67 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum hawaii north kona distr> keauhou ahu. tr 52(88); n slope of hualalai; ne of malekule s of fence line; kaupulehu fr Dry native shrub community with scattered `ohi`a and other native trees. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN warshauer, f.r. mceldowney, p.h. collector number: frw 2068 Hawaii BISH 8/8/1978
68 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum Hualalai Volcano, above Kailua-Kona PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Gillett, G.W. Carlson, N. Collector Number: 1738 Hawaii BISH 4/20/1965
69 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum mauna loa, above puu lehua ranch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN ewart iii, g.r. Hawaii BISH 8/20/1934
70 Geranium cuneatum subsp. cuneatum Hualalai Volcano, above Kailua-Kona PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Gillett, G.W. 1738 Hawaii BISH 4/20/1965
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